Staff profile
Affiliation | Telephone |
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Assistant Professor Egyptian Archaeology in the Department of Archaeology |
Biography
Before joining the Department of Archaeology at Durham, I lectured in Egyptian and Sudanese archaeology at the University of Cambridge, where I also held a research appointment at Emmanuel. I additionally held a research position in Germany, where I taught both undergraduate and graduate students. I have worked continuously in Egypt and Sudan for over a decade. I currently serve as Assistant Director of the Sanam Temple Project, through which I have led excavations at a temple built by Taharqa in the Fourth Nile Cataract region, in collaboration with New York University. In collaboration with Sudan’s National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums (NCAM), I also co-direct a field project on the 18th Dynasty tomb of Djehutyhotep, which was relocated from Lower Nubia to the Sudan National Museum in Khartoum during the UNESCO Nubian campaign. I have also overseen excavations at a large Kerma cemetery at Ginis East, North Sudan. In Egypt, I have excavated at Amarna and the Theban Necropolis (modern-day Luxor), where I remain actively involved in fieldwork.
Research
My current research, funded by the British Academy, explores the New Kingdom Egyptian colonisation of Nubia by examining how Egyptian-style objects helped shape local social relations in the colony. For this project, I have investigated how various foreign objects go through material and symbolic “metamorphoses” to perform essentially local tasks by using various archaeological science techniques. Among the objects and materials analysed are kohl and other make-up substances, coffins and funerary masks, clay figurines, copper-alloys and gold. I am also collaborating with colleagues at ISAW/NYU and the British Museum to expand these results by exploring Kerma Period kohl and other make-up recipes, with funding from the Michela Schiff Giorgini Foundation.
I am also co-directing another Schiff Giorgini Foundation-funded project on faience production and political economy in Napatan Nubia, in collaboration with the IFA/NYU. This work combines excavation results at Sanam with materials analysis.
I am also engaged in digital heritage work in Sudan, focusing on the 3D reconstruction of the tomb of Djehutyhotep and the creation of a virtual reality environment to allow engagement with heritage at risk of destruction due to the current internal war in Sudan. Initial work was funded by the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. Continuing work on Djehutyhotep will feed into a larger initiative, the Sudan Virtual Museum Project, led by NCAM and the Section Française de la Direction des Antiquités du Soudan (SFDAS), funded by Fonds Équipe France.
In Egypt, my current work focuses on the Nubian diaspora in Egypt during the New Kingdom. This is mostly based on epigraphic work in the late 18th Dynasty Theban tomb of Neferhotep (TT49). I am also researching the Old Kingdom socio-economic landscape of Thebes, especially focusing on the exploration of a recently identified new tomb in el-Khokha.
My research has a strong theoretical focus, with particular interest in postcolonial theory and decolonial theory as tools to build bottom-up interpretations. My research interests include the study of past forms of colonisation and alternatives to colonisation through material culture; social stratification and power; relations of production and consumption; and how inequalities determine the expression of identities through material culture.
Teaching
I am the convenor of 'The East Mediterranean World in the Bronze Age' module and responsible for the Egypt and Sudan components of the following modules:
- Ancient Civilisations of the East
- Ancient Mediterranean Civilisations: East and West
- Cities in Antiquity
- Advanced Skills in Archaeology
I also offer an 'Archaeology of Ancient Nubia' module in 'Specialised Aspects of Archaeology'.
Student supervision
I am keen to supervise research students interested in all aspects of the social archaeology of ancient Egypt and Sudan. I particularly welcome projects that develop theoretical, critical perspectives and innovative methodologies in Egyptian and Sudanese archaeology, as well as those that integrate the ancient Nile valley and surrounding deserts into their broader African context.
Research interests
- Egyptian and Sudanese archaeology
- Archaeology of Colonialism
- Material Culture Studies
- Postcolonial and Decolonial Theory
- State Formation and Expansion
Esteem Indicators
- 2024: Prize “à la mémoire de Jean Leclant”, awarded by the Michela Schiff Giorgini Foundation, Switzerland:
- 2023: Prize “Aluno Eminente”, awarded by Colégio Pedro II, Brazil:
- 2017: Certificate of Appreciation, offered by the South Valley University, Qena, Egypt:
Publications
Book review
- Richard Bussmann. 2023. The archaeology of pharaonic Egypt: society and culture, 2700–1700 BC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 978-11070-303-81 hardback £100.Lemos, R. (2024). Richard Bussmann. 2023. The archaeology of pharaonic Egypt: society and culture, 2700–1700 BC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 978-11070-303-81 hardback £100. Antiquity, 98(399), 845-847. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2024.51
- Review of “Flooded pasts: UNESCO, Nubia, and the Recolonization of Archaeology”Lemos, R. (2024). Review of “Flooded pasts: UNESCO, Nubia, and the Recolonization of Archaeology”. Sudan Studies, 70, 69–71.
- Sarah M. Schellinger. 2022. Nubia: lost civilizations. London: Reaktion Books; 978-17891-465-92 hardback £15.Lemos, R. (2023). Sarah M. Schellinger. 2022. Nubia: lost civilizations. London: Reaktion Books; 978-17891-465-92 hardback £15. Antiquity, 97(393), 767-769. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2023.52
- Salomé Zurinaga Fernández-Toríbio: España en la Campaña de Salvamento de la UNESCO en Nubia: UJA Editorial, Jaén, 2021, 815 pp., ISBN 978-1-78969-649-3Lemos, R. (2022). Salomé Zurinaga Fernández-Toríbio: España en la Campaña de Salvamento de la UNESCO en Nubia: UJA Editorial, Jaén, 2021, 815 pp., ISBN 978-1-78969-649-3. African Archaeological Review, 39(2), 245-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-022-09480-y
- Egyptian art for BraziliansLemos, R. (2022). Egyptian art for Brazilians. Topoi Brazil, 23(49), 340-343. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-101X02304916
- David Edwards (Ed.): The Archaeological Survey of Sudanese Nubia, 1963–69: The Pharaonic Sites: Archaeopress, Oxford, 2020, 468 pp., ISBN 978-1-78969-649-3Lemos, R. (2021). David Edwards (Ed.): The Archaeological Survey of Sudanese Nubia, 1963–69: The Pharaonic Sites: Archaeopress, Oxford, 2020, 468 pp., ISBN 978-1-78969-649-3. African Archaeological Review, 38(1), 171-173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-020-09418-2
- Can classical authors tell us about Africa’s ancient history?Lemos, R. (2020). Can classical authors tell us about Africa’s ancient history? Tempo, 26(2), 493-499. https://doi.org/10.1590/tem-1980-542x2020v260211
- Review of A. Manzo 2017, Eastern Sudan in its setting: The archaeology of a region far from the Nile valleyLemos, R. (2018). Review of A. Manzo 2017, Eastern Sudan in its setting: The archaeology of a region far from the Nile valley. Bryn Mawr Classical Review.
- Review of F. Anthony 2017, Foreigners in Ancient Egypt: Theban tomb paintings from the early 18th DynastyLemos, R. (2017). Review of F. Anthony 2017, Foreigners in Ancient Egypt: Theban tomb paintings from the early 18th Dynasty. Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections.
- Review of E. Goulding’s What did the poor take with them? An investigation into ancient Egyptian Eighteenth and Nineteenth Dynasty grave assemblages from Qau, Badari, Matmar and GurobLemos, R. (2015). Review of E. Goulding’s What did the poor take with them? An investigation into ancient Egyptian Eighteenth and Nineteenth Dynasty grave assemblages from Qau, Badari, Matmar and Gurob. Rosetta.
Chapter in book
- Circulação de objetos e experiências locais na colônica egípcia da Núbia durante o Reino NovoLemos, R. (in press). Circulação de objetos e experiências locais na colônica egípcia da Núbia durante o Reino Novo. In Circuitos de informação na antiguidade: Perspectivas comparadas.
- Learning how to decolonize archaeology with African-Diasporic communities in BrazilLemos, R. (in press). Learning how to decolonize archaeology with African-Diasporic communities in Brazil. In V. Vino (Ed.), a decolonial manual. Punctum Books.
- Beyond Cultural Entanglements: Experiencing the New Kingdom Colonization of Nubia ‘from Below’Lemos, R. (2024). Beyond Cultural Entanglements: Experiencing the New Kingdom Colonization of Nubia ‘from Below’. In S. Ashby & A. Brody (Eds.), New Perspectives on Ancient Nubia (pp. 53-94). Gorgias Press. https://doi.org/10.31826/9781463243432-007
- General introductionBudka, J., & Lemos, R. (2024). General introduction. In J. Budka & R. Lemos (Eds.), Landscape and resource management in Bronze Age Nubia: Archaeological perspectives on the exploitation of natural resources and the circulation of commodities in the Middle Nile (pp. 11-14). Harrassowitz Verlag.
- Nubian resources and materials between indigenous diversity and colonial impositionsLemos, R. (2024). Nubian resources and materials between indigenous diversity and colonial impositions. In J. Budka & R. Lemos (Eds.), Landscape and resource management in Bronze Age Nubia: Archaeological perspectives on the exploitation of natural resources and the circulation of commodities in the Middle Nile (pp. 201-206). Harrassowitz Verlag.
- Analisi strutturale e studio dei riutilizzi nelle tombe tebane 187 e -348-Di Giovanni, M., Santarelli, C., & Lemos, R. (2022). Analisi strutturale e studio dei riutilizzi nelle tombe tebane 187 e -348-. In S. Antonelli, V. La Salvia, M. C. Mancini, O. Menozzi, M. Moderato, & M. C. Somma (Eds.), Archaeologiae Una storia al plural: Studi in memoria di Sara Santoro (pp. 281-288). Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2x1npqm.28
- The shabti of Khnummose – Insights into 18th Dynasty colonial society in NubiaAuenmüller, J., & Lemos, R. (2021). The shabti of Khnummose – Insights into 18th Dynasty colonial society in Nubia. In Tomb 26 on Sai Island: A New Kingdom elite tomb and its relevance for Sai and beyond.
- Sudanese and Nubian archaeology: Scholarship past and presentLemos, R., & Tipper, S. (2021). Sudanese and Nubian archaeology: Scholarship past and present. In R. Lemos & S. Tipper (Eds.), Current Perspectives in Sudanese and Nubian Archaeology – A collection of papers presented at the 2018 Sudan Studies Research Conference, Cambridge.
- Material Culture and Colonization in Ancient Nubia: Evidence from the New Kingdom CemeteriesLemos, R. (2020). Material Culture and Colonization in Ancient Nubia: Evidence from the New Kingdom Cemeteries. In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology (pp. 1-25). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3307-1
- Material culture and social interactions in New Kingdom non-elite cemeteriesLemos, R. (2017). Material culture and social interactions in New Kingdom non-elite cemeteries. In Current Research in Egyptology 2016: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Symposium. Oxbow.
- 'Uma inundação no céu para os estrangeiros': o projeto de expansão da religião de Amarna na NúbiaPinheiro da Silva, R. C., & Lemos, R. (2015). ’Uma inundação no céu para os estrangeiros’: o projeto de expansão da religião de Amarna na Núbia. In SEMNA - Estudos de Egiptologia II.
- Amarna: pintando uma nova paisagemLemos, R. (2014). Amarna: pintando uma nova paisagem. In SEMNA - Estudos de Egiptologia I.
- A paisagem de Amarna e sua diversidadeLemos, R. (2014). A paisagem de Amarna e sua diversidade. In O Egito antigo – Novas contribuições brasileiras. Multifoco.
- Introdução: panorama da Egiptologia no Brasil (1827-2014 e além)Lemos, R. (2014). Introdução: panorama da Egiptologia no Brasil (1827-2014 e além). In O Egito antigo - Novas contribuições brasileiras. Multifoco.
- O pensamento egípcio do Reino Novo e o período de AmarnaLemos, R. (2014). O pensamento egípcio do Reino Novo e o período de Amarna. In Diálogos com a História.
Edited book
- Landscape and resource management in Bronze Age Nubia: Archaeological perspectives on the exploitation of natural resources and the circulation of commodities in the Middle NileBudka, J., & Lemos, R. (Eds.). (2024). Landscape and resource management in Bronze Age Nubia: Archaeological perspectives on the exploitation of natural resources and the circulation of commodities in the Middle Nile. Harrassowitz Verlag. https://doi.org/10.13173/9783447121378
- Current Perspectives in Sudanese and Nubian Archaeology A Collection of Papers Presented at the 2018 Sudan Studies Research Conference, CambridgeLemos, R., & Tipper, S. (Eds.). (2021). Current Perspectives in Sudanese and Nubian Archaeology A Collection of Papers Presented at the 2018 Sudan Studies Research Conference, Cambridge.
- Perspectives on materiality in ancient Egypt – Agency, cultural reproduction and changeMaynart, É., Velloza, C., & Lemos, R. (Eds.). (2018). Perspectives on materiality in ancient Egypt – Agency, cultural reproduction and change.
- O Egito antigo - Novas contribuições brasileirasLemos, R. (2014). O Egito antigo - Novas contribuições brasileiras. Multifoco.
Journal Article
- Lids, chalices, and porridge: The role of performance in Nubian pottery and cuisineWalsh, C., & Lemos, R. (in press). Lids, chalices, and porridge: The role of performance in Nubian pottery and cuisine. Dotawo: A Journal for Nubian Studies.
- Revisiting the Old Kingdom at Thebes: Extracting meaning from highly fragmentary evidenceLemos, R., Carniel, M. V., & von Seehausen, P. (in press). Revisiting the Old Kingdom at Thebes: Extracting meaning from highly fragmentary evidence. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt.
- Decolonising ancient Egypt?Lemos, R. (in press). Decolonising ancient Egypt? Antiquity.
- Bronze Age make-up recipes from Sudanese Lower Nubia point to a greater diversity across cultural borders in ancient Northeast AfricaLemos, R., Zaggia, C., Fulcher, K., Lidén, E., Werkström, L., Hocker, E., Bergquist, J., & Martinón-Torres, M. (2025). Bronze Age make-up recipes from Sudanese Lower Nubia point to a greater diversity across cultural borders in ancient Northeast Africa. PLoS One, 20(9), Article e0330205. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330205
- How can archaeology help shape decolonial futures?Lemos, R., Mbeki, L., Owoseni, B., Rai, N., & Moffett, A. (2025). How can archaeology help shape decolonial futures? Antiquity, 99(404), 291-302. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2025.29
- Preserving Heritage Amid War: A Protocol for Recording and Disseminating the Tomb of Djehutyhotep at the Sudan National MuseumLemos, R., Linarello, S., Abdllatief, I., & Capuchio, V. (2025). Preserving Heritage Amid War: A Protocol for Recording and Disseminating the Tomb of Djehutyhotep at the Sudan National Museum. African Archaeological Review, 42(1), 53-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-024-09604-6
- Making plundered spaces sacred again: Fragmentation, reorganisation and respect in reused Theban tombsLemos, R. (2025). Making plundered spaces sacred again: Fragmentation, reorganisation and respect in reused Theban tombs. Antiquity, 99(403), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2024.159
- Bronze age supply chains between ancient Egypt and Nubia revealed by lead isotope analysis of kohl samplesLemos, R., Tichindelean, M., Kochergina, Y. V., Zaggia, C., Werkström, L., Hocker, E., & Martinón-Torres, M. (2024). Bronze age supply chains between ancient Egypt and Nubia revealed by lead isotope analysis of kohl samples. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Article 27488. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79162-z
- Egyptian Art in Colonized Nubia: Representing Power and Social Structure in the New Kingdom Tombs of Djehutyhotep, Hekanefer and PennutLemos, R. (2024). Egyptian Art in Colonized Nubia: Representing Power and Social Structure in the New Kingdom Tombs of Djehutyhotep, Hekanefer and Pennut. Arts, 13(4), Article 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts13040118
- Reshaping Egyptian funerary ritual in colonized Nubia? Organic characterization of unguents from mortuary contexts of the New Kingdom (c. 1550–1070 BCE)Lemos, R., Fulcher, K., Abdllatief, I., Werkström, L., & Hocker, E. (2023). Reshaping Egyptian funerary ritual in colonized Nubia? Organic characterization of unguents from mortuary contexts of the New Kingdom (c. 1550–1070 BCE). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 15(6), Article 73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-023-01769-6
- Can We Decolonize the Ancient Past? Bridging Postcolonial and Decolonial Theory in Sudanese and Nubian ArchaeologyLemos, R. (2023). Can We Decolonize the Ancient Past? Bridging Postcolonial and Decolonial Theory in Sudanese and Nubian Archaeology. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 33(1), 19-37. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774322000178
- Where has the archaeology of colonialism taken us? Some thoughts on where we stand and where we should go nextLemos, R. (2023). Where has the archaeology of colonialism taken us? Some thoughts on where we stand and where we should go next. Archaeological Review from Cambridge, 38(1), 163-174. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.104450
- Object metamorphosis in colonial contexts: maintaining diversity through global commodities in New Kingdom Nubia (1550–1070 BCE)Lemos, R. (2023). Object metamorphosis in colonial contexts: maintaining diversity through global commodities in New Kingdom Nubia (1550–1070 BCE). World Archaeology, 55(5), 494-507. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2024.2425285
- Introdução ao Dossiê A Antiguidade do Nordeste AfricanoFrizzo, F., João, M. T. D., & Lemos, R. (2022). Introdução ao Dossiê A Antiguidade do Nordeste Africano. Mare Nostrum, 13(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v13i1p1-7
- Funerary uses and reuses of Theban rock-cut architecture between the 9th century BC and the Ptolemaic period: planimetric re-functionalization of tombs at the Neferhotep Complex (Luxor-Egypt)Menozzi, O., Carniel, M. V., & Lemos, R. (2021). Funerary uses and reuses of Theban rock-cut architecture between the 9th century BC and the Ptolemaic period: planimetric re-functionalization of tombs at the Neferhotep Complex (Luxor-Egypt). Frankfurter Elektronische Rundschau Zur Altertumskunde, 45, 1-45. https://doi.org/10.21248/fera.45.310
- Alternatives to colonization and marginal identities in New Kingdom colonial Nubia (1550–1070 BCE)Lemos, R., & Budka, J. (2021). Alternatives to colonization and marginal identities in New Kingdom colonial Nubia (1550–1070 BCE). World Archaeology, 53(3), 401-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2021.1999853
- Heart scarabs and other heart-related objects in New Kingdom NubiaLemos , R. (2021). Heart scarabs and other heart-related objects in New Kingdom Nubia. Sudan & Nubia, 25, 252-269. https://doi.org/10.32028/sudan_and_nubia_25_pp252-269
- A New Fragment from the Amarna Royal TombLemos, R. (2020). A New Fragment from the Amarna Royal Tomb. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 106(1-2), 249-253. https://doi.org/10.1177/0307513320963283
- Potes, Pratos e Contatos CulturaisLemos, R., & Frizzo, F. (2019). Potes, Pratos e Contatos Culturais. Mare Nostrum, 10(1), 93-114. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v10i1p93-114
- Entangled temporalities in the theban necropolis: A materiality and heritage approach to the excavation of theban tomb 187Lemos, R., Von Seehausen, P. L., Di Giovanni, M., Giobbe, M., Menozzi, O., & Brancaglion, A. (2017). Entangled temporalities in the theban necropolis: A materiality and heritage approach to the excavation of theban tomb 187. Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies, 5(2), 178-197. https://doi.org/10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.5.2.0178
- O ritual como materialização de projetos políticos: uma comparação das representações rituais em tumbas de Amarna e TebasPereyra, M. V., Lemos, R., & Manzi, L. (2015). O ritual como materialização de projetos políticos: uma comparação das representações rituais em tumbas de Amarna e Tebas. Nearco.
- Práticas mortuárias no Egito e na Núbia sob o Reino Novo egípcio: avaliando o emaranhamento cultural na África antigaLemos, R., & Vieira, F. (2014). Práticas mortuárias no Egito e na Núbia sob o Reino Novo egípcio: avaliando o emaranhamento cultural na África antiga. Revista de Ciências Humanas.
- Archaeology, religion, ritual and ancient Egypt: some discussions on the Amarna Period (c. 1350-1330 BC)Lemos, R. (2012). Archaeology, religion, ritual and ancient Egypt: some discussions on the Amarna Period (c. 1350-1330 BC). Hathor - Studies of Egyptology.
- A religiosidade dos construtores de tumbas no Egito antigo: a Vila dos Trabalhadores em Amarna e a vila de Deir el-MedinaLemos, R. (2012). A religiosidade dos construtores de tumbas no Egito antigo: a Vila dos Trabalhadores em Amarna e a vila de Deir el-Medina. Nearco.
Newspaper/Magazine Article
- The threat to Sudan’s cultural heritageLemos, R. (2025). The threat to Sudan’s cultural heritage. Apollo Magazine.