Staff profile

 

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Career Research Interests

Volcanology in general, pyroclastic sedimentology, and the mass movement of debris across the Earth's surface following geo-catastrophes. Primarily use field studies of deposits to derive information about emplacement processes. Application of volcanology to the petroleum and mining industries. Specifically interested in:

• the transport and deposition of tephra by pyroclastic density currents
• basaltic volcanism, effusive and explosive
• volcanic edifice growth and evolution, encompassing all scales from monogenetic cones, to calderas, ocean island volcanoes and large igneous provinces
• aggregation mechanisms in atmospheric dust clouds applied to volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts
• kimberlite volcanism and conduit processes
• dispersal of ejecta following large meteorite impacts
• climatic impacts of explosive volcanic eruptions

I currently have ongoing research projects in El Salvador (AD563 Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango); Campi Flegrei and Ischia, Italy; Tenerife; Iceland, UK Lake District.

Google Scholar site

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Committee and Society Service

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Conferences and Workshops

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Keynotes

2013 — IAVCEI General Assembly
2012 — VMSG Annual Meeting, Durham
2011 — IUGG, Melbourne
2011 — 5th VVSG Goias, Brazil

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Membership of Organisations and Societies

Member, IAVCEI

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Recent and Current Grants

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• 2000: Invited talks: North East Geological Society, 2013; University of British Columbia, Canada, 2011, Edinburgh Geological Society, 2011; University of Glasgow, 2011; LMU Munich, 2010; Museum fur Naturkunde, Humboldt University, Berlin, 2010; Earth Observatory Singapore, 2010; Open University, UK, 2007; NSF Workshop, Prescott, AZ, 2007; University of Leicester, UK, 2004
• 2000: Scientific Community Roles: Secretary IAVCEI Commission on Volcanogenic Sedimentation

Chapter in book

• Durant, A., & Brown, R. Ash Aggregation in Volcanic Clouds. In S. Mackie, K. Cashman, H. Ricketts, A. Rust, & M. Watson (Eds.), Volcanic Ash (53-66). Elsevier
• Brown., R., & Andrews, G. Deposits of Pyroclastic Density Currents. In Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. (2nd Ed). Elsevier
• Branney, M., Brown, R., & Calder, E. (2021). Pyroclastic Rocks. In S. Elias, & D. Alderton (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Geology (277-300). (2nd). Elsevier
• Brown, R. (2008). The Formation of Diamonds. In M. Benton (Ed.), The Seventy Great Mysteries of the Natural World. Thames-Hudson
• Brown, R. (2008). Which was the Largest Ever Volcanic Eruption?. In M. Benton (Ed.), The Seventy Great Mysteries of the Natural World. Thames-Hudson
• Brown, R., & Calder, E. (2005). Pyroclastics (including Tuffs, Ignimbrites and Ash). In R. Selley, L. Cocks, & I. Plimer (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Geology (386-397). Elsevier

Journal Article

• Paine, A. R., Baldini, J. U., Ünal-İmer, E., Wadsworth, F. B., Iveson, A. A., Humphreys, M. C., Brown, R. J., Müller, W., & Ottley, C. J. (2024). Abrupt climate change at the MIS 5/4 transition recorded in a speleothem from the Eastern Mediterranean. Quaternary Science Reviews, 339, Article 108841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108841
• Pelullo, C., Chakraborty, S., Montagna, C. P., Arienzo, I., Brown, R. J., D’Antonio, M., de Vita, S., D’Oriano, C., Nazzari, M., Pappalardo, L., & Petrosino, P. (2024). A multi-methodological approach to record dynamics and timescales of the plumbing system of Zaro (Ischia Island, Italy). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 179(5), Article 54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-024-02138-9
• Allgood, C., Llewellin, E. W., Humphreys, M. C. S., Mathias, S. A., Brown, R. J., & Vye‐Brown, C. (2024). Banding in the Margins of Basaltic Dykes Indicates Pulsatory Propagation During Emplacement. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 129(4), Article e2023JB028007. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jb028007
• Bowers, O., Dávila Harris, P., Winstanley, R., Wadsworth, F. B., & Brown, R. J. (2023). Alternating Subplinian and phreatomagmatic phases during the construction of a phonolitic maar-diatreme volcano (Caldera del Rey, Tenerife, Canary Islands). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 443, 107920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107920
• Vineberg, S. O., Isaia, R., Albert, P. G., Brown, R. J., & Smith, V. C. (2023). Insights into the explosive eruption history of the Campanian volcanoes prior to the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 443, Article 107915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107915
• Scarrow, J. H., Schmitt, A. K., Danišík, M., Chamberlain, K. J., Davies, B. V., Rushton, J., Brown, R. J., & Barclay, J. (2023). Zircon double-dating, trace element and O isotope analysis to decipher late Pleistocene explosive-effusive eruptions from a zoned ocean-island magma system, Ascension Island. Quaternary Science Reviews, 319, Article 108304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108304
• Baldini, J. U. L., Brown, R. J., Wadsworth, F. B., Paine, A. R., Campbell, J. W., Green, C. E., Mawdsley, N., & Baldini, L. M. (2023). Possible magmatic CO2 influence on the Laacher See eruption date. Nature, 619(7968), E1-E2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05965-1
• Sanford, O., Schofield, N., Hobbs, R., & Brown, R. (2023). Seismic wave propagation around subsurface igneous sill complexes. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 152, Article 106232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2023.106232
• Brown, R. J., Van Eaton, A. R., Hernández, W., Condren, P., Sweeney, C., Tournigand, P.-Y., & Vallance, J. W. (2023). Ash aggregate-rich pyroclastic density currents of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption, Ilopango caldera, El Salvador. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 439, Article 107845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107845
• Sanford, O., Hobbs, R., Brown, R., & Schofield, N. (2023). Uncertainties in Ray-Tracing Tomography Models Used for Sub-Basalt Seismic Imaging. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 180(1), 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-022-03199-2
• Hoult, H., Brown, R. J., Van Eaton, A. R., Hernandez, W., Dobson, K. J., & Woodward, B. (2022). Growth of complex volcanic ash aggregates in the Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango Caldera, El Salvador. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 431, Article 107670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107670
• Brown, R. J., Hernández, W., Escobar, D., Gutierrez, E., Crummy, J., Cole, R., & Tournigand, P.-Y. (2022). Reconstruction of the 29th December 2013 eruption of San Miguel volcano, El Salvador, using video, photographs, and pyroclastic deposits. Volcanica, 5(2), 271 - 293. https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.05.02.271293
• Jones, T. J., Russell, J. K., Brown, R. J., & Hollendonner, L. (2022). Melt stripping and agglutination of pyroclasts during the explosive eruption of low viscosity magmas. Nature Communications, 13(1), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28633-w
• D'Antonio, M., Arienzo, I., Brown, R. J., Petrosino, P., Pelullo, C., & Giaccio, B. (2021). Petrography and Mineral Chemistry of Monte Epomeo Green Tuff, Ischia Island, South Italy: Constraints for Identification of the Y-7 Tephrostratigraphic Marker in Distal Sequences of the Central Mediterranean. Minerals, 11(9), Article 955. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11090955
• Preece, K., Barclay, J., Brown, R. J., Chamberlain, K. J., & Mark, D. F. (2021). Explosive felsic eruptions on ocean islands: A case study from Ascension Island (South Atlantic). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 416, Article 107284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107284
• Davies, B. V., Brown, R. J., Barclay, J., Scarrow, J. H., & Herd, R. A. (2021). Rapid eruptive transitions from low to high intensity explosions and effusive activity: insights from textural analysis of a small-volume trachytic eruption, Ascension Island, South Atlantic. Bulletin of Volcanology, 83(9), Article 58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-021-01480-1
• Shaikh, A. M., Tappe, S., Bussweiler, Y., Vollmer, C., Brown, R. J., & EIMF. (2021). Origins of olivine in Earth’s youngest kimberlite: Igwisi Hills volcanoes, Tanzania craton. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 176(8), Article 62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-021-01816-2
• Wadsworth, F. B., Vasseur, J., Llewellin, E. W., Brown, R. J., Tuffen, H., Gardner, J. E., Kendrick, J. E., Lavallée, Y., Dobson, K. J., Heap, M. J., Dingwell, D. B., Hess, K.-U., Schauroth, J., von Aulock, F. W., Kushnir, A. R., & Marone, F. (2021). A model for permeability evolution during volcanic welding. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 409, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.107118
• Paine, A. R., Baldini, J. U., Wadsworth, F. B., Lechleitner, F. A., Jamieson, R. A., Baldini, L. M., Brown, R. J., Müller, W., Hercman, H., Gąsiorowski, M., Stefaniak, K., Socha, P., Sobczyk, A., & Kasprzak, M. (2021). The trace-element composition of a Polish stalagmite: Implications for the use of speleothems as a record of explosive volcanism. Chemical Geology, 570, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120157
• Chamberlain, K., Barclay, J., Preece, K., Brown, R., McIntosh, I., & EIMF. (2020). Deep and disturbed: conditions for formation and eruption of a mingled rhyolite at Ascension Island, south Atlantic. Volcanica, 3(1), 139-153. https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.03.01.139153
• Chamberlain, K., Barclay, J., Preece, K., Brown, R., & Davidson, J. (2019). Lower Crustal Heterogeneity and Fractional Crystallization Control Evolution of Small-volume Magma Batches at Ocean Island Volcanoes (Ascension Island, South Atlantic). Journal of Petrology, 60(8), 1489-1522. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egz037
• Colombier, M., Mueller, S. B., Kueppers, U., Scheu, B., Delmelle, P., Cimarelli, C., Cronin, S. J., Brown, R. J., Tost, M., & Dingwell, D. B. (2019). Diversity of soluble salt concentrations on volcanic ash aggregates from a variety of eruption types and deposits. Bulletin of Volcanology, 81(7), Article 39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-019-1302-0
• Albert, P., Giaccio, B., Isaia, R., Costa, A., Niespolo, E., Pereira, A., Renne, P., Hinchliffe, A., Mark, D., Brown, R., & Smith, V. (2019). Evidence for a large-magnitude eruption from Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) at 29 ka. Geology, 47(7), 595-599. https://doi.org/10.1130/g45805.1
• Preece, K., Mark, D. F., Barclay, J., Cohen, B. E., Chamberlain, K. J., Jowitt, C., Vye-Brown, C., Brown, R. J., & Hamilton, S. (2018). Bridging the gap: 40Ar/39Ar dating of volcanic eruptions from the ‘Age of Discovery’. Geology, 46(12), 1035-1038. https://doi.org/10.1130/g45415.1
• Baldini, J. U., Brown, R. J., & Mawdsley, N. (2018). Evaluating the link between the sulphur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly. Climate of the Past, 14(7), 969-990. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-969-2018
• Mark, N., Schofield, N., Pugliese, S., Watson, D., Holford, S., Muirhead, D., Brown, R., & Healy, D. (2018). Igneous intrusions in the Faroe Shetland basin and their implications for hydrocarbon exploration; new insights from well and seismic data. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 92, 733-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.12.005
• Reynolds, P., Schofield, N., Brown, R., & Holford, S. (2018). The architecture of submarine monogenetic volcanoes – insights from 3D seismic data. Basin Research, 30(s1), 437-451. https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12230
• Grove, C., Jerram, D. A., Gluyas, J. G., & Brown, R. J. (2017). Sandstone Diagenesis in Sediment–lava Sequences: Exceptional Examples of Volcanically Driven Diagenetic Compartmentalization in Dune Valley, Huab Outliers, Nw Namibia. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 87(12), 1314-1335. https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2017.75
• Jones, T., Llewellin, E., Houghton, B., Brown, R., & Vye-Brown, C. (2017). Proximal lava drainage controls on basaltic fissure eruption dynamics. Bulletin of Volcanology, 79(11), Article 81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-017-1164-2
• Scarlato, P., Mollo, S., Del Bello, E., von Quadt, A., Brown, R., Gutierrez, E., Martinez-Hackert, B., & Papale, P. (2017). The 2013 eruption of Chaparrastique volcano (El Salvador): Effects of magma storage, mixing, and decompression. Chemical Geology, 448, 110-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.11.015
• Chamberlain, K., Barclay, J., Preece, K., Brown, R., Davidson, J., & EIMF. (2016). Origin and evolution of silicic magmas at ocean islands: Perspectives from a zoned fall deposit on Ascension Island, South Atlantic. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 327, 349-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.08.014
• Reynolds, P., Brown, R., Thordarson, T., & Llewellin, E. (2016). The architecture and shallow conduits of Laki-type pyroclastic cones: insights into a basaltic fissure eruption. Bulletin of Volcanology, 78(5), Article 36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-016-1029-0
• Karaoğlu, O., & Brown, R. (2016). Reconstructing the evolution of an eroded Miocene caldera volcano (Yamanlar volcano, İzmir, Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 318, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.03.007
• Baldini, J., Brown, R., & McElwaine, J. (2015). Was millennial scale climate change during the Last Glacial triggered by explosive volcanism?. Scientific Reports, 5, Article 17442. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17442
• Brown, R., Thordarson, T., Self, S., & Blake, S. (2015). Disruption of Tephra Fall Deposits Caused by Lava Flows during Basaltic Eruptions. Bulletin of Volcanology, 77(10), Article 90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0974-3
• Reynolds, P., Brown, R., Thordarson, T., Llewellin, E., & Fielding, K. (2015). Rootless cone eruption processes informed by dissected tephra deposits and conduits. Bulletin of Volcanology, 77(9), Article 72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0958-3
• Willcox, A., Buisman, I., Sparks, R., Brown, R., Manya, S., Schumacher, J., & Tuffen, H. (2015). Petrology, geochemistry and low-temperature alteration of lavas and pyroclastic rocks of the kimberlitic Igwisi Hills volcanoes, Tanzania. Chemical Geology, 405, 82-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.04.012
• Tomlinson, E., Albert, P., Wulf, S., Brown, R., Smith, V., Keller, J., Orsi, G., Bourne, A., & Menzies, M. (2014). Age and geochemistry of tephra layers from Ischia, Italy: constraints from proximal-distal correlations with Lago Grande di Monticchio. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 287, 22-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.09.006
• Brown, R., Civetta, L., Arienzo, I., D'Antonio, M., Moretti, R., Orsi, G., Tomlinson, E., Albert, P., & Menzies, M. (2014). Geochemical and isotopic insights into the assembly, evolution and disruption of a magmatic plumbing system before and after a cataclysmic caldera-collapse eruption at Ischia volcano (Italy). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 168(3), Article 1035. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-014-1035-1
• Brown, R., Blake, S., Thordarson, T., & Self, S. (2014). Pyroclastic edifices record vigorous lava fountains during the emplacement of a flood basalt flow field, Roza Member, Columbia River Basalt Province, USA. GSA Bulletin, 126(7-8), 875-891. https://doi.org/10.1130/b30857.1
• Jones, T., Russell, J., Porritt, L., & Brown, R. (2014). Morphology and surface features of olivine in kimberlite: implications for ascent processes. Solid Earth, 5(1), 313-326. https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-313-2014
• for petroleum exploration. AAPG Bulletin, 98(3), 449-463. https://doi.org/10.1306/08141313029
• Watton, T., Cannon, S., Brown, R., Jerram, D., & Waichel, B. (2014). Using formation micro-imaging, wireline logs and onshore analogues to distinguish volcanic lithofacies in boreholes: examples from Palaeogene successions in the Faroe–Shetland Basin, NE Atlantic. Geological Society Special Publications, 397, 173-192. https://doi.org/10.1144/sp397.7
• Brown, R., & Branney, M. (2013). Internal flow variations and diachronous sedimentation within extensive, sustained, density-stratified pyroclastic density currents flowing down gentle slopes, as revealed by the internal architectures of ignimbrites on Tenerife. Bulletin of Volcanology, 75(7), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0727-0
• Brown, R., & Valentine, G. (2013). Physical characteristics of kimberlite and basaltic intraplate volcanism and implications of a biased kimberlite record. GSA Bulletin, 125(7-8), 1224-1238. https://doi.org/10.1130/b30749.1
• Phillips, J., Humphreys, M., Daniels, K., Brown, R., & Witham, F. (2013). The formation of columnar joints produced by cooling in basalt at Staffa, Scotland. Bulletin of Volcanology, 75(6), Article 715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0715-4
• Brown, R., Manya, S., Buisman, I., Fontana, G., Field, M., Niocaill, C., Sparks, R., & Stuart, F. (2012). Eruption of kimberlite magmas: physical volcanology, geomorphology and age of the youngest kimberlitic volcanoes known on earth (the Upper Pleistocene/ Holocene Igwisi Hills volcanoes, Tanzania). Bulletin of Volcanology, 74(7), 1621-1643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0619-8
• Brown, R., Bonadonna, C., & Durant, A. (2012). A review of volcanic ash aggregation. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 45-46, 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.11.001
• Gernon, T., Brown, R., Tait, M., & Hincks, T. (2012). The origin of pelletal lapilli in explosive kimberlite eruptions. Nature Communications, 3, Article 832. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1842
• Brown, R., Blake, S., Bondre, N., Phadnis, V., & Self, S. (2011). ́Áā lava flows in the Deccan Volcanic Province, India, and their significance for the nature of continental flood basalt eruptions. Bulletin of Volcanology, 73(6), 737-752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0450-7
• Fontana, G., Mac Nio Caill, C., Brown, R., Sparks, R., & Field, M. (2011). Emplacement temperatures of pyroclastic and volcaniclastic deposits in kimberlite pipes in southern Africa. Bulletin of Volcanology, 73(8), 1063-1083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0493-9
• Branney, M., & Brown, R. (2011). Impactoclastic density current emplacement of terrestrial meteorite-impact ejecta and the formation of dust pellets and accretionary lapilli: Evidence from Stac Fada, Scotland. The Journal of Geology, 119(3), 275-292. https://doi.org/10.1086/659147
• Brown, R., Branney, M., Maher, C., & Davila Harris, P. (2010). Origin of accretionary lapilli within ground-hugging density currents: Evidence from pyroclastic couplets on Tenerife. GSA Bulletin, 122(1-2), 305-320. https://doi.org/10.1130/b26449.1
• Gernon, T., Fontana, G., Field, M., Sparks, R., Brown, R., & Mac Nio Caill, C. (2009). Pyroclastic flow deposits from a kimberlite eruption : the Orapa South Crater, Botswana. Lithos, 112(Supplement 1), 566-578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2009.04.016
• Brown, R., Tait, M., Field, M., & Sparks, R. (2009). Geology of a complex kimberlite pipe (K2 pipe, Venetia Mine, South Africa): Insights into conduit processes during explosive ultrabasic eruptions. Bulletin of Volcanology, 71(1), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-008-0211-4
• Brown, R., Orsi, G., & De Vita, S. (2008). New insights into Late Pleistocene explosive volcanic activity and caldera formation on Ischia (southern Italy). Bulletin of Volcanology, 70(5), 583-603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-007-0155-0
• Brown, R., Field, M., Gernon, T., Gilbertson, M., & Sparks, R. (2008). Problems with an in-vent column collapse model for the emplacement of massive volcaniclastic kimberlite. A discussion of 'In-vent column collapse as an alternative model for massive volcaniclastic kimberlite emplacement: An example from the Fox kimberlite, Ekati Diamond Mine, NWT, Canada' by Porritt et al. [J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 174, 90-102]. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 178(4), 847-850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.06.002
• Brown, R., Buse, B., Sparks, R., & Field, M. (2008). On the welding of pyroclasts from very low-viscosity magmas: examples from kimberlite volcanoes. The Journal of Geology, 116(4), 354-374. https://doi.org/10.1086/588832
• Brown, R., Gernon, T., Stiefenhofer, J., & Field, M. (2008). Geological constraints on the eruption of the Jwaneng Centre kimberlite pipe, Botswana. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 174(1-3), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.032
• Sparks, R., Brown, R., Field, M., & Gilbertson, M. (2007). Kimberlite ascent and eruption. Nature, 450(7172), https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06435
• Brown, R., Kokelaar, B., & Branney, M. (2007). Widespread transport of pyroclastic density currents from a large silicic tuff ring: The Glaramara tuff, Scafell caldera, English Lake District, UK. Sedimentology, 54(5), 1163-1190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2007.00877.x
• Brown, R., Kavanagh, J., Sparks, R., Tait, M., & Field, M. (2007). Mechanically disrupted and chemically weakened zones in segmented dike systems cause vent localization: Evidence from kimberlite volcanic systems. Geology, 35(9), 815-818. https://doi.org/10.1130/g23670a.1
• Walters, A., Phillips, J., Brown, R., Field, M., Gernon, T., Stripp, G., & Sparks, R. (2006). The role of fluidisation in the formation of volcaniclastic kimberlite: Grain size observations and experimental investigation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 155(1-2), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.02.005
• Sparks, R., Baker, L., Brown, R., Field, M., Schumacher, J., Stripp, G., & Walters, A. (2006). Dynamical constraints on kimberlite volcanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 155(1-2), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.02.010
• Brown, R., & Branney, M. (2004). Bypassing and diachronous deposition from density currents: Evidence from a giant regressive bed form in the Poris ignimbrite, Tenerife, Canary Islands. Geology, 32(5), 445-448. https://doi.org/10.1130/g20188.1
• Brown, R., & Branney, M. (2004). Event-stratigraphy of a caldera-forming ignimbrite eruption on Tenerife: The 273 ka Poris Formation. Bulletin of Volcanology, 66(5), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-003-0321-y
• Brown, R., Barry, T., Branney, M., Pringle, M., & Bryan, S. (2003). The Quaternary pyroclastic succession of southeast Tenerife, Canary Islands: Explosive eruptions, related caldera subsidence, and sector collapse. Geological Magazine, 140(3), https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756802007252