CLAS2801: Classical Theories of Soul

• CLAS1601 or at least one module in Philosophy or the History of Philosophy at Level 1

• None

• None

• To promote the learning and understanding of ancient philosophy in accordance with the general aims of the relevant Degree Programmes; to introduce students who have studied philosophy at Level 1 to new and more challenging philosophical topics, texts and concepts, and thereby to develop the range of their knowledge, and the depth of their analytical skills.

• Plato was the first person clearly to address strict materialism with a cosmological argument that established the need for a creative cosmological intelligence. He was followed in the Hellenistic era by the Stoics, who disagreed with him, however, that the creator transcended his creation. At the same time, the Epicureans developed an anti-teleological response, showing that the cosmos could not have come about by intention, and explicating the natural forces by which, they believed, it arose by accident. At the end of the Hellenistic era, thinkers of the Platonist revival reintroduced a transcendent god which would prove an important model for philosophical Christianity.

Subject-specific Knowledge:

• Knowledge of the texts which are most important for our understanding of the psychological and ethical theory of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

Subject-specific Skills:

• The ability to identify and explain philosophical arguments in texts which are very different in their literary style.
• In particular, an ability to approach texts as multi-layered as those of Plato with some confidence.
• The ability to handle basic philosophical, especially ethical and psychological concepts, including hedonism, intellectualism, epiphenomenalism; hylomorphism.

Key Skills:

• Capacity for self-motivated work.
• The ability to present a well-researched, well-articulated, and well-balanced account of the evidence for a particular topic, which takes the views of other commentators into account.
• The ability to read philosophical texts of a wide range of styles with confidence, and the capacity to identify and engage critically with arguments set out in them.
• The ability to reconstruct a plausible line of thought from evidence that is imperfect, biased, or indirect.
• An independence of mind which is strengthened, not compromised, by the sympathetic understanding of alternative points of view.

• Lectures form the core of the module, being used to provide factual information and to give models for interpretative procedures in the selection and interpretation of fragments. Corresponding to this core is a 70% examination component.
• Seminars are used to give students practice in the manipulation of important concepts and the analysis of fragments, an opportunity to talk through areas of difficulty. Tutorials are for feedback on formative and coursework assessments. The assessed essay, which constitutes 30% of the final assessment, correspondingly tests students' ability to locate, exploit and discuss sources available to them.

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