An international team of volcanologists, including Professor Claire Horwell from our Earth Sciences Department, has published a major review that addresses 18 of the most common misconceptions about volcanoes and eruptions.
Published in the Journal of Applied Volcanology, the paper brings together decades of scientific evidence to explain what the public, journalists and decision-makers need to know when volcanic crises occur.
The international research team drew on the experience of researchers who have worked with volcano observatories, national agencies and emergency responses across the world, including in Indonesia, the Philippines, New Zealand, Chile, the United States and Europe.
The paper groups common misconceptions into six themes, covering seismology, volcanoes and climate, volcanic systems and structures, volcanic hazards, eruption timescales, and photographs and footage.
The review also includes seven case studies from recent volcanic crises, showing how misinformation spread during eruptions at Mount Agung in Indonesia, La Soufrière in St Vincent, Taal Volcano in the Philippines, Kīlauea in Hawaiʻi, Mount Etna in Italy, Tajogaite in La Palma and Yellowstone in the United States.
The authors hope the resource will help scientists, journalists, emergency managers and the public communicate more effectively when the next volcano erupts.
Professor Claire Horwell led the sections on volcanic health hazards.
Her research focuses on how volcanic ash affects human health and how evidence-based advice can reduce risks for communities exposed to ash during eruptions.
The study challenges several long-standing myths about volcanic ash. It explains that although ash can irritate the eyes and respiratory system, it does not cut or shred the lungs, despite this being a widespread misconception.
The researchers also found no confirmed cases of silicosis caused by volcanic eruptions. Instead, they emphasise that clear public health advice and practical protective measures are the most effective ways to reduce health risks.
The researchers also address concerns about drinking water following eruptions.
While volcanic ash can affect water quality and require treatment, it is very unlikely to poison water supplies because people would normally reject water that had become unpleasant in taste or appearance before harmful levels of contamination were reached.
The researchers say that misconceptions can influence how people respond during volcanic emergencies, potentially increasing risks for affected communities.
By providing clear explanations, key takeaway messages and summaries of the latest research, the review aims to improve public understanding and support better decision-making during future eruptions.
Our Department of Earth Sciences is ranked in the top 100 in the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026 and sixth in the UK in the Complete University Guide 2027. Visit our Earth Sciences webpages for more information on our undergraduate and postgraduate programmes.
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